Arthritis is very common in older cats, but cats rarely limp or cry out. Instead, they quietly do less. Many owners put the change down to "just getting old," so the condition often goes untreated, even though there are real ways to help.
How common is it?
Research suggests most older cats have it. A review in Today's Veterinary Practice describes one study in which X-rays showed arthritis in 82% of cats older than 14, and another in which 90% of cats older than 12 showed signs on X-rays, yet only 4% had arthritis noted by an owner or vet. In other words, a lot of cats are living with joint pain without anyone realising.
Signs cats show
In cats, behaviour changes are more typical than limping:
- Jumping less, or hesitating before jumping up or down
- Using stairs more slowly or avoiding them
- Less play and less chasing of toys
- More time resting or sleeping in low, easy spots
- Grooming less, so the coat looks unkempt or matted
- Missing the litter box, especially if the sides are high
- Being more irritable or not wanting to be handled
- More vocalising, or a change in posture
If several of these sound familiar, tell your vet. It is not simply old age.
How vets diagnose it
Your vet will ask about changes at home, feel each joint and watch how your cat moves, ideally in a calm room or from a home video. X-rays can help, though they do not always match how much pain a cat feels, so the exam and your observations matter. Bloodwork is often done first, particularly before pain medicine, to check the kidneys and other organs.
How arthritis is managed
There is no cure, but a mix of approaches can keep a cat comfortable:
- Healthy weight: described by the vet journal as the most important part of management. See healthy cat weight.
- Home changes: steps or ramps to favourite perches, low-sided litter boxes, food and water within easy reach, and soft, warm beds.
- Gentle activity: short bursts of play with toys that encourage chasing.
- Vet-prescribed pain relief: options include anti-inflammatory medicines and an injectable antibody treatment approved for cats. Your vet will choose what is safe for your cat's kidneys and other health.
- Supplements: omega-3 fatty acids are often discussed. Evidence for glucosamine and chondroitin in cats is weaker, so ask your vet.
Never give your cat human painkillers. Many are toxic to cats. Only use medicine your vet has prescribed for your cat.
Set up your home for a stiff cat
- Put a low step beside the sofa or bed.
- Use a litter box with a low entry, and place one on each floor.
- Move food and water to ground level or a single easy shelf.
- Offer heated or warm beds away from draughts.
- Brush your cat gently, since stiff cats may not reach their own back.
Arthritis and age
Joint problems often appear alongside other senior conditions. Read the full overview in senior cat health, and see when a cat is considered senior and how to tell how old a cat is.
Frequently asked questions
Do cats get arthritis?
Yes. Studies suggest it is very common in older cats, though cats are good at hiding it.
How can I tell if my cat has arthritis?
Look for reduced jumping, less play, more resting, less grooming and litter box accidents. Limping is less common in cats than in dogs.
Can arthritis in cats be treated?
It cannot be cured, but weight control, home changes and vet-prescribed pain relief can improve comfort.
Can I give my cat ibuprofen or paracetamol?
No. Human painkillers can be dangerous or fatal for cats. Ask your vet.
This article is general information, not veterinary advice. If your cat seems stiff or in pain, see a vet.