Older cats do not all need the same thing. Some gain weight, while others lose muscle and need more. The key is to watch your cat's weight and body condition, keep protein high and water easy to reach, and check with your vet before changing food.

When does a cat need a senior diet?

VCA describes the mature stage as about 7 to 10 years, when weight gain is common, and treats cats over 10 as senior. Some cats are senior earlier, depending on breed or health. Energy needs start to rise again at around 11 years. See when a cat is considered senior.

What changes with age

  • Calories: needs often drop at first, then some older cats need more calories and protein to keep a normal build as weight and muscle decline.
  • Protein: VCA calls protein critical for maintaining health with age. Healthy seniors can eat the same high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet as younger cats prone to weight gain.
  • Kidneys: once kidney disease is diagnosed, a kidney support diet with modified phosphorus may be chosen to slow progression. Too much sodium can add to kidney disease and high blood pressure.
  • Muscle: watch muscle as well as weight. A cat can lose muscle while the scale barely moves.

Read more in kidney disease in cats and senior cat health.

Feeding tips for older cats

  • Smaller, more frequent meals: divide the daily amount into two, three or four small meals, and watch whether your cat finishes each one.
  • Don't trust the label for long: VCA says the chart on a food package can overestimate portions, so check with your vet for a tailored amount.
  • Weigh monthly: and learn to score body condition at home. See healthy cat weight.
  • Easy-to-eat food: wet food is easier on sore teeth. See cat dental disease.
  • Calm and comfortable: raised or low-sided bowls and a quiet spot help cats with stiff joints. See arthritis in cats.

Water

Provide fresh, clean water at all times and watch how much is left in the bowl. VCA suggests several bowls of different sizes on every floor, kept away from food bowls. Feeding more canned food also raises water intake. See wet vs dry cat food.

Treats

Choose low-calorie treats, under 4 calories each, or small servings of fresh vegetables and fruit. Avoid table scraps, which can be high in fat and sodium.

Check with your vet first

  • Before switching to a "senior" formula, get a full physical and metabolic evaluation. A senior visit typically includes an exam, diet history, bloodwork and a urine test.
  • See your vet at least twice a year, which can help catch problems early.
  • A decreased or absent appetite can signal an underlying medical problem and is a common reason cats are seen by a vet.

When you do change food, do it gradually. See how to switch cat food, and for the big picture read the cat feeding guide.

Frequently asked questions

Do senior cats need special food?

Not always. A healthy senior can often eat a good adult or senior formula. Cats with kidney disease, diabetes or other conditions may need a prescription diet. Ask your vet.

Why is my older cat losing weight?

Weight loss in older cats can come from dental pain, kidney disease, an overactive thyroid, diabetes and other conditions. See a vet. See hyperthyroidism in cats.

How often should I feed a senior cat?

Two to four small meals a day is a good guide, adjusted to your cat's appetite and health.

Should older cats eat wet food?

Wet food adds water and is easier to chew, which helps many seniors. A mix of wet and dry also works well.

This article is general information, not veterinary advice. Ask your vet before changing your senior cat's diet.

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